Try each question before opening the answer. Questions 1 to 6 are particles, 7 to 11 are verb forms, 12 to 14 are adjectives, 15 to 17 are existence and counters, and 18 to 19 mix desire and reasons. Write your answer down first, then compare.
Particles
Fill the blank with the right particle. Remember that は marks the topic, を the object, に a destination or time, で a tool or place of action, and と a companion.
- 私( )学生です。わたし( )がくせいです。I am a student.
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は: it marks the topic, "as for me". - 毎朝、パン( )食べます。まいあさ、パン( )たべます。Every morning I eat bread.
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を: it marks the object of the verb. - 来週、京都( )行きます。らいしゅう、きょうと( )いきます。Next week I will go to Kyoto.
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に (へ is also correct): both mark the destination. - 電車( )会社へ行きます。でんしゃ( )かいしゃへいきます。I go to the office by train.
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で: it marks the means of transport. - 友達( )サッカーをします。ともだち( )サッカーをします。I play soccer with a friend.
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と: it means "together with". - これは先生( )かばんです。これはせんせい( )かばんです。This is the teacher's bag.
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の: it links the owner to the thing owned. - 教室に誰( )いますか。きょうしつにだれ( )いますか。Who is in the classroom?
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が: a question word that is the subject takes が, not は.
Verb forms
Change the verb in brackets as the English hint asks. Check whether the verb is godan, ichidan or irregular first.
- 私は肉を(食べる)。わたしはにくを(たべる)。I do not eat meat. (polite negative)
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食べません (たべません) - 昨日、コーヒーを(飲む)。きのう、コーヒーを(のむ)。Yesterday I drank coffee. (polite past)
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飲みました (のみました) - 手を(洗う)、ご飯を食べます。てを(あらう)、ごはんをたべます。I wash my hands, then eat. (te-form)
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洗って (あらって): verbs ending in う become って. - 本を(読む)、寝ます。ほんを(よむ)、ねます。I read a book, then sleep. (te-form)
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読んで (よんで): verbs ending in む become んで. - 昨日、友達が家に(来る)。きのう、ともだちがいえに(くる)。Yesterday a friend came to my house. (polite past)
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来ました (きました): 来る is irregular.
Adjectives
Remember that い-adjectives conjugate themselves, while な-adjectives need な before a noun.
- この部屋は(広い)です。このへやは(ひろい)です。This room is not big. (negative)
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広くない (ひろくない): drop い, add くない. - 昨日は天気が(いい)。きのうはてんきが(いい)。The weather was good yesterday. (polite past)
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よかったです: いい is irregular and uses よ in conjugation. - ここは(静か)町です。ここは(しずか)まちです。This is a quiet town.
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静かな (しずかな): a な-adjective takes な before a noun.
Existence and counters
Use あります for things, います for people and animals, and choose the counter that fits the item.
- 机の上に本が( )。つくえのうえにほんが( )。There is a book on the desk.
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あります: books are things, not living beings. - 公園に子供が三人( )。こうえんにこどもがさんにん( )。There are three children in the park.
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います: children are alive. - りんごを三( )ください。りんごをみっ( )ください。Three apples, please.
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つ: 三つ (みっつ) is the general counter for small objects.
Desire and reasons
- 水が飲み( )です。みずがのみ( )です。I want to drink water.
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たい: the verb stem plus たい means "want to". - 雨が降っています( )、家にいます。あめがふっています( )、いえにいます。It is raining, so I am staying home.
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から: it gives the reason, "because" or "so".